Southwest Asia acts as trade route between Europe, Asia and Africa. Influence of western culture as well as thought is keenly felt in this region to a greater extent. Movement of large number of people to this region has made the region to contain complex ethnic composition of population. The southwest Asia extends from the turkey on its north side to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan on its south, while from Iran on east side to Cyrenaica on west, but the trans-Soviet route is not belongs to the southwest Asia, through which most trade passes. Due to its petroleum resource, the strategic importance of the southwest Asia has been recognized by others. The southwest Asian country represents an elaborate complexity in culture, mixture of old as well as modern.
Today, both economically and culturally, southwest Asia plays an important part. The southwest area is the place of different cultural religions as well as political activities, even in the past days. This region is occupied by three great religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, of the world. In the southwest Asia, the Euphrates and Tigris land is always remains fertile and are best for productive. As per the economic prosperity, the region is popularly called as ‘Fertile crescent’; this region is used for learning and civilization. In the present 20th century, this region is largely influenced by the Islam. Arab culture is the dominant culture in the southwest Asia.
But exceptionally, the Arabian culture does not play that much importance in 2 or 3 countries, but they have great love for the Islam. The southwest Asia is occupied by the Christians and Jews only in sufficient number, but still they cannot be ignored. Even though Israel is very smaller in size, but still they have defeated the adversaries of Muslim during the decisive battles for at least 2 times. In terms of physiographic, the southwest Asia can be recognized as three major divisions.
- Ancient table-land containing the Arabian plateau,
- Intermediate region of fault and rift valleys,
- Folded mountains zone. The folded mountain zone is nothing but the Westside extension of Himalayan system from the Pamir knot.
Crystalline rocks are the fine potential zone of reserving metallic mineral, while the intermediate formation of sedimentary is the zone for reserving petroleum.
Regarding climate, the temperature at the southwest Asia region is always high all over the year for about 180 C, except at the Intermontane plateau and mountain slopes. Compared to diurnal range, the annual temperature range is greater. At the north western Iran and Turkish plateau, Orographic temperature modifications are felt. Extreme level of summer is experienced at the interior Arabia and Western Iran region, the heavy rainfall occurs due to the cyclonic effect. Usually, between 5 cms and 25 cms, the amount varies, but at that time, the interior parts of Iran and Arabia are rainless. Usually, the precipitation ranges between 50 to 100 cms at the Windward slopes of Zagros, Pontus, and Elburz Mountains. During winter season, heavy snowfall occurs at the Iran and plateaux of Turkey.
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